When it comes to weight loss, many people turn to prescription medications as part of a comprehensive approach to shed excess pounds. While a healthy diet and regular exercise are the foundations of long-term weight management, some individuals may benefit from additional support to help reach their goals. Prescription oral medications can assist in weight loss by reducing appetite, increasing metabolism, or decreasing fat absorption. But how do these medications work, and who is a candidate for them? Let’s take a closer look.
How Prescription Weight Loss Medications Work
Prescription weight loss medications fall into several categories based on their mechanisms of action. Some medications work by affecting the brain’s hunger signals, while others target fat metabolism or digestion.
- Appetite Suppressants –These medications work by affecting the brain’s appetite-regulating chemicals to help reduce hunger.
- Phentermine – Often prescribed for short-term use, phentermine increases norepinephrine levels in the brain, reducing appetite.
- Diethylpropion – Similar to phentermine, this medication suppresses appetite by increasing norepinephrine levels.
- Fat Absorption Inhibitors – These medications block the absorption of dietary fat, reducing the number of calories the body absorbs from food.
- Orlistat (Alli, Xenical) – This drug works by inhibiting the enzyme lipase, which breaks down fat in the digestive system. As a result, some of the fat you eat passes through the body undigested. Side effects can include gastrointestinal discomfort, such as oily stools.
- Combination Medications – Some medications combine multiple ingredients to target different aspects of weight management, such as appetite, fat absorption, and metabolism.
- Qsymia – A combination of phentermine and topiramate (an anticonvulsant), Qsymia works by suppressing appetite and increasing feelings of fullness. Topiramate also has a mild effect on metabolism.
- Contrave – A combination of naltrexone (an opioid antagonist) and bupropion (an antidepressant), Contrave works by reducing food cravings and controlling hunger.
- Amlexanox – A newer medication, amlexanox is a promising treatment for weight loss. Initially used to treat asthma and allergic rhinitis, it has been shown to work by activating pathways in the brain that help suppress appetite. This medication helps reduce food intake by targeting key appetite-regulating systems in the hypothalamus. Early research suggests that amlexanox can be effective in promoting weight loss by curbing hunger and improving the metabolic processes involved in fat storage.
Who is a Candidate for Prescription Weight Loss Medications?
Prescription weight loss medications are generally recommended for individuals who:
- Have a BMI of 30 or greater (obesity) or a BMI of 27 or greater with obesity-related health conditions such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, or sleep apnea.
- Have been unable to lose weight through diet and exercise alone.
- Are in good overall health and have no contraindications for the specific medication prescribed.
Potential Benefits and Side Effects
Benefits:
- Prescription medications can support significant weight loss, especially when combined with diet and exercise changes.
- Many medications help reduce hunger and cravings, making it easier for individuals to stick to healthier eating patterns.
- Weight loss medications can reduce the risk of developing obesity-related conditions, including heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension.
Side Effects:
- Common side effects include nausea, constipation, and headaches, though side effects vary by medication.
- Fat absorption inhibitors like Orlistat may cause gastrointestinal issues such as oily stools, gas, and diarrhea.
- Some medications, like phentermine, can cause insomnia, increased heart rate, and elevated blood pressure, especially with long-term use.
Potential Benefits and Side Effects
While prescription weight loss medications can be effective for certain individuals, they are not a one-size-fits-all solution. Before starting any medication, it’s important to have a thorough consultation with a healthcare provider to assess your medical history, weight loss goals, and the potential for side effects.
For individuals who are not candidates for prescription medications or prefer to avoid them, alternative strategies like intermittent fasting, behavior modification, and natural supplements may offer support.
Final Thoughts
Prescription weight loss medications can be a helpful tool for some individuals struggling with obesity or weight-related health conditions. These medications can complement a healthy lifestyle, but they are most effective when used as part of a comprehensive weight loss program that includes diet, exercise, and lifestyle changes. At Fourth Wall Wellness, we understand that each person’s weight loss journey is unique. If you’re considering prescription weight loss medications or have questions about your options, we’re here to help guide you toward a solution that best supports your health and wellness goals.
